Torus palatinus is a benign peculiarity wherein there is a bony outgrowth on the palate. It is a normal bump on the roof of the mouth. It is one of the most common exostosis involving the oral cavity. It is not cancerous, nor is it painful or sore. It comes in different shapes: nodular, spindle-like, lobular, or irregular. It is hard upon palpation and radiography shows opacity on this area due to the bone’s density. Since it is normal, there is no symptom associated with it.

      Torus Palatinus Causes

Genetic and ethnic factors: Development of torus palatinus in parent/s poses a 40-64% chance that their offspring will have it too. If neither of the parents has it, there is a       5-8% chance that a child will have it.                                   Torus palatinus occurs in 20% of the general population. Torus mandibularis occurs in 6-40%.It mostly appears after puberty. It is generally seen among adults. For children in 5-15 age groups, there is 30.9% occurrence and it was shown that females are more likely to develop it. Torus palatinus is more common among females. Torus mandibularis is more common among males. Torus palatinus does not need to be treated since its essential features appear to be normal. It is simply an anatomical variance that does not affect everyone of us. Surgical removal offers a solution if torus palatinus causes a problem in the placement of dentures or dental prosthesis.

Sialadenitis is the infection of the salivary glands caused by a bacteria or virus. The parotid, located in front of the ear and submandibular, placed below the chin are the glands, which are affected most commonly. They cause ache, tenderness, redness, and steady concentrated inflammation of the region affected. It can be either acute or chronic, and is frequent among adults with salivary gland stones. However, it can occur to anyone, including infants. If not treated well, Sialadenitis can progress into a severe infection.   Causes of Sialadenitis. Bacteria cause most of the acute cases, especially staphylococcus infections. Ignorance of oral hygiene is a major reason for this infection. Apart from these, infections like HIV, herpes, and mumps can also lead to the swelling of the salivary gland. Chronic Sialadenitis is often caused by salivary stones, which are nothing but deposits of calcium and different minerals that get accumulated in the glands and lead to blockages. Although less frequent, a person can also develop this infection due to the result of the immune system responding to other drugs given to treat different glandular cases.

The socket is the hole in the bone where the tooth has been removed. After a tooth is pulled, a blood clot forms in the socket to protect the bone and nerves underneath. Sometimes that clot can become dislodged or dissolve a couple of days after the extraction. That leaves the bone and nerve exposed to air, food, fluid and anything else that enters the mouth.

Symptoms may include:

Dull, aching, throbbing pain in the area of the socket, which is moderate to severe and may radiate to other parts of the head such as the ear, eye, temple and neck. The pain normally starts on the second to fourth day after the extraction and may last 10–40 days. The pain may be so strong that even strong analgesics do not relieve it,Intraoral halitosis,Bad taste in the mouth.

A dental abscess is an infection at the base of a tooth. It means a pocket of pus has formed at the tip of a tooth root in your jaw bone. If the infection isn’t treated, it can spread to the gum near the tooth. This causes swelling and pain. More serious infections spread to the face. This causes your face to swell (cellulitis). This is a very serious condition. Once the swelling begins, it can spread quickly .A dental abscess usually starts with a crack or cavity in a tooth. The pain is often made worse by drinking hot or cold beverages, or biting on hard foods. The pain may spread from the tooth to your ear or the area of your jaw on the same side.

The dental changes seen in many people with bulimia are often recognizable. Frequent vomiting may cause your salivary glands to swell and the tissues of your mouth and tongue to become dry, red and sore. People with bulimia may have chronic sore throat and small hemorrhages under the skin of the palate.
Frequent vomiting can erode your tooth enamel, especially on the tongue side of the upper front teeth. This sharply increases the risk for decay in these areas and can make these teeth sensitive to temperature. Severe erosion can lead to changes in your bite, or the way your upper and lower teeth come together. Your back teeth can be reduced in size and some teeth can even be lost eventually. Tooth erosion can take about three years to become obvious, but not all bulimics experience it.
Many people with bulimia may be malnourished, which can cause anemia, poor healing and increase the risk of periodontal disease.

Tetracycline teeth stains develop on permanent teeth while they are still forming under the gum line. During development, the drug becomes calcified in the tooth, generating tetracycline tooth stains. Children are susceptible to tetracycline tooth stains from the time they are in utero until the age of 8. Since teeth start to develop before we’re even born, pregnant women should not take tetracycline to prevent the possibility of the drug affecting the unborn baby’s oral health.Gray or brown in color, these deep, dark stains either cover the entire tooth or appear as a pattern of horizontal stripes. Because they form during tooth development, tetracycline teeth stains are embedded in the tooth’s enamel and inner layers. This classifies them as intrinsic stains — discoloration that comes from inside the tooth. Although harmless, tetracycline stains are obvious and permanent, often causing embarrassment and low self-esteem in those who suffer from them.

How Does Smoking Damage Your Teeth and Gums?

The hundreds of cytotoxic chemicals that are released during smoking affect both the functionality and immunity of the body.  The mouth is one of the organs that gets negatively impacted by prolonged smoking . Some of the effects of smoking on your teeth and gums are:

• Gum diseases
• Bad breath
• Oral cancer
• Tooth and denture stains
• Abrasion of the teeth
• Hairy tongue
• Delayed wound healing

What Is the Right Way to Brush?
Proper brushing takes at least two minutes — that’s right, 120 seconds! Most adults do not come close to brushing that long. To get a feel for the time involved, try using a stopwatch. To properly brush your teeth, use short, gentle strokes, paying extra attention to the gumline, hard-to-reach back teeth and areas around fillings, crowns or other restoration. Concentrate on thoroughly cleaning each section as follows:

• Clean the outer surfaces of your upper teeth, then your lower teeth
• Clean the inner surfaces of your upper teeth, then your lower teeth
• Clean the chewing surfaces
• For fresher breath, be sure to brush your tongue, too

Please remember, preventing bad breath is always easier than treating it. By developing the right habits, you can be effective at preventing bad breath

1. Use mouthwash – Some mouthwashes or oral rinses are effective at preventing bad breath. However, you should never use alcohol based mouthwashes because the alcohol makes the mouth very dry, which will actually cause bad breath.
2. Drink green and black teas – They contain polyphenols that help eliminate sulfur compounds and reduce oral bacteria.
3. Stop smoking – Studies have shown that smokers present a higher risk of developing periodontal disease and bad breath because smoking causes dry mouth which can cause bad breath.
4. Breathe through your nose instead of your mouth – Try to address any snoring or sleep apnea issues that could be affecting your breath and causing dry mouth.
5. Clean your dentures at least once a day – Practice the same proper oral care that you would with your original teeth.